Fig. 1

Incidences of hospitalisations with AECOPD and pneumonia and due to any cause between 2015–2021. Monthly incidences of hospitalisations with AECOPD and pneumonia were depicted from 2015 until the end of 2021. Poisson regression was used to investigate temporal trends of incidences. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were reported comparing monthly incidences in 2020/2021 with the incidence of the pre-pandemic years