Table 3 Factors that affected survival

Gender

female

21/73 (28.8%)

36/100 (36.0%)

0.32

male

52/73 (71.2%)

64/100 (64.0%)

Comorbidities

cardiovascular¹

56/73 (76.7%)

70/100 (70.0%)

0.33

metabolic²

30/73 (41.1%)

48/100 (48.0%)

0.37

respiratory³

11/73 (15.1%)

15/100 (15.0%)

0.99

chronic kidney disease

7/73 (9.6%)

1/100 (1.0%)

0.010

immunosuppression

4/73 (5.5%)

1/100 (1.0%)

0.16

malignancy

10/73 (13.7%)

5/100 (5.0%)

0.045

smoking

18/73 (24.7%)

29/100 (29.0%)

0.53

obesity

18/73 (24.7%)

24/100 (24.0%)

0.92

Age (years)

69.62 ± 8.66

62.33 ± 10.10

< 0.001

Charlson comorbidity index

4.07 ± 2.06

2.67 ± 1.70

< 0.001

APACHE II score

18.93 ± 6.84

14.55 ± 5.37

< 0.001

Baseline SOFA score

6.80 ± 2.16

5.09 ± 2.03

< 0.001

Baseline hemoglobin (g/dl)

12.03 ± 1.90

11.85 ± 1.82

0.53

Baseline CRP (mg/dl)

13.63 ± 10.94

13.07 ± 12.14

0.76

Baseline PCT (ng/ml)

1.02 ± 2.57

0.35 ± 1.15

0.043

Baseline lung static compliance (ml/cmH₂O)

35.12 ± 15.19

47.23 ± 49.34

0.05

Baseline lung resistance (cmH₂O/L/s)

15.33 ± 5.17

15.65 ± 5.08

0.78

Baseline oxygenation index

7.72 ± 3.23

6.33 ± 3.53

0.011

Baseline ventilation equilibrium (ml/mmHg)

222.04 ± 59.81

217.37 ± 53.66

0.60

Auscultatory sound: normal (%)

15.89 ± 13.96

15.94 ± 13.56

0.98

Auscultatory sound: wheezing (%)

1.82 ± 4.23

1.45 ± 5.18

0.63

Auscultatory sound: rhonchi (%)

15.15 ± 14.65

14.77 ± 16.62

0.88

Auscultatory sound: velcro (%)

4.59 ± 7.73

3.13 ± 7.10

0.20

Auscultatory sound: crackles (%)

11.51 ± 10.42

11.23 ± 10.33

0.88

Auscultatory sound: squawks (%)

12.39 ± 18.46

6.25 ± 15.93

0.023

Auscultatory sound: tubular (%)

14.17 ± 15.16

9.88 ± 13.57

0.05

Auscultatory sound: diminished (%)

18.55 ± 17.93

22.98 ± 18.13

0.11

Auscultatory sound: absence (%)

5.98 ± 11.61

14.61 ± 19.06

0.001

minimum crackle entropy

0.35 ± 0.12

0.31 ± 0.14

0.028

minimum crackle harmonic ratio

0.13 ± 0.07

0.12 ± 0.09

0.20

minimum spectral entropy

0.74 ± 0.08

0.73 ± 0.14

0.49

minimum spectral brightness 800 ratio

0.20 ± 0.05

0.20 ± 0.05

0.42

median crackle duration (s)

0.03 ± 0.00

0.03 ± 0.01

0.59

median crackle zero-crossing rate

445.69 ± 108.17

446.96 ± 138.54

0.95

median crackle entropy

0.57 ± 0.05

0.55 ± 0.10

0.09

median crackle harmonic ratio

0.36 ± 0.08

0.36 ± 0.09

0.81

median squawk zero-crossing rate

369.17 ± 121.52

327.43 ± 118.50

0.025

median spectral entropy

0.81 ± 0.03

0.79 ± 0.12

0.19

median spectral irregularity

0.24 ± 0.06

0.24 ± 0.06

0.31

maximum crackle centroid (Hz)

745.66 ± 158.30

779.26 ± 194.38

0.23

maximum crackle harmonic ratio

0.62 ± 0.11

0.65 ± 0.14

0.14

mean crackle frequency range (Hz)

148.68 ± 60.32

164.61 ± 68.22

0.11

mean crackle entropy

0.56 ± 0.04

0.54 ± 0.09

0.05

mean crackle harmonic ratio

0.36 ± 0.07

0.37 ± 0.09

0.66

standard deviation spectral entropy

0.04 ± 0.03

0.03 ± 0.03

0.41